Regulatory requirements for hygiene monitoring vary by industry and country. In the EU, for example, Regulation (EC) No 852/2004 on the hygiene of foodstuffs requires food manufacturers to implement systematic hygiene management. In the healthcare sector, there are guidelines and recommendations from the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) on infection prevention. The pharmaceutical industry must comply with Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) guidelines, which include strict hygiene requirements. According to Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 on cosmetic products, cosmetic manufacturers must ensure that their products are manufactured under hygienic conditions.